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This book explores the technical foundations of constructing diverse laboratories on optical fiber. In recent years, microstructured-based optical fiber devices and sensors have emerged as a rapidly advancing area within the field of optical fiber sensing technology. The concept of creating a laboratory on optical fiber has been inspired by advances in micro-structured fiber optics. Given the natural existence of optical waveguide channels within fibers, it is feasible to integrate a wide range of materials such as inorganic, organic, biological, and nonlinear optical substances—into or onto the fiber's end face or side. This integration facilitates the interaction between light and matter, leading to measurable optical outcomes through the fiber's optical channel. The rapid evolution of this concept is driven by the ease with which strong interactions can be achieved between light and matter at the micro-nano scale within the fiber, making it an ideal platform for experiments in lightwave microscale physics, photochemistry, and the interaction between light and both biological and microbial materials. The fiber optics laboratory thus offers a compelling stage for interdisciplinary research endeavors