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This volume presents the beautiful memoirs of Euler, Lagrange and Lambert on geography, translated into English and put into perspective through explanatory and historical essays as well as commentaries and mathematical notes. These works had a major impact on the development of the differential geometry of surfaces and they deserve to be studied, not only as historical documents, but most of all as a rich source of ideas. Preface Chronologies A Note on the Translations About the Editors Introduction Essays Ancient Geography: Some Markers Euler and Maupertuis on the Figure of the Earth On the Duration of the Passage of a Star from an Almucantar to Another The Differential Equations in Euler's Work on Geography Euler, Delisle and Cartography On Delisle's Geographical Projection Lagrange's Method for the Construction of Geographical Maps Some Notes on the Impact of Lagrange's Memoir On the Construction of Geographical Maps Lambert's Work on Geographic Map Projections Sources Elements of Spheroidal Trigonometry Drawn from the Method of Maxima and Minima On the Representation of the Spherical Surface on the Plane On the Geographical Projection of the Surface of the Sphere On Delisle's Geographical Projection Used for a General Map of the Russian Empire On the Construction of Geographical Maps Notes and Comments on the Composition of Terrestrial and Celestial Maps Index