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This textbook discusses the use of uncertainty analysis and sensitivity analysis in environmental life cycle assessment (LCA). This is a topic which has received a lot of attention by journals, including the leading (Springer) International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. Despite its importance, no coherent textbook exists that summarizes the progress that has been made in the last 20 years. This book attempts to fill that gap. Its audience is practitioners (professional and academic) of LCA, teachers, and Ph.D. students. It gives a very broad overview of the field: probability theory, descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, error analysis, sensitivity analysis, decision theory, etc., all in relation to LCA. Much effort has been taken to give a balanced overview, with a uniform terminology and mathematical notation. Preface References Introduction A Primer Probability 1: Basics Probability 2: Alternatives Statistics 1: Descriptive Statistics 2: Inferential LCA Error and Quality Uncertainty, Risk and Decisions Sensitivity A Critique Statistical Concepts, Terminology and Notation The Lognormal Distribution in LCA The Quantitative Pedigree Approach Statistical Analysis of Non-stochastic LCA A Guidance Including Uncertainty and Sensitivity in LCA Guidance for Standard LCA Guidance for Special Types of LCA Symbols Matrix Topics Special Functions Subject Index