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This book describes past and present advances in engineering materials for neural applications, with special emphasis on their usefulness for traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries. The book presents major physio-pathological features of traumatic injuries at the brain and spinal cord as examples of diseases hampering the central nervous tissue. By incorporating knowledge from the perspective of experts with diverse backgrounds, this book gives insight into the understanding of these multifaceted pathologies and the materials science approaches that aim to cure them. The interdisciplinary nature of this book makes it a perfect candidate for the interest of a broad audience, from clinicians working on neural diseases to scientists whose work focuses on the nervous tissue (neuroscientists) and/or materials science. Undergraduate and PhD students can also benefit from the knowledge and discussion included in this book. Foreword Preface Contributors Acronyms General Aspects of Traumatic Neural Diseases and Requirements of Central Nervous System Implantable Biomaterials as Diagnostic and Therapeutic Tools Characteristics of the Spinal Cord Injured Patient as a Host of Central Nervous System Implanted Biomaterials Tailoring 3D Biomaterials for Spinal Cord Injury Repair Nanostructures to Potentiate Axon Navigation and Regrowth in the Damaged Central Nervous Tissue Nanostructured Electroactive Materials with Large Charge Capacity: Direct Field Electrostimulation Through Connected and Non-connected Electrodes Magnetoelasticity and Magnetostriction for Implementing Biomedical Sensors Nanoparticles for Neural Applications Therapeutic Approaches for Stroke: A Biomaterials Perspective Orthotic and Robotic Substitution Devices for Central Nervous System Rehabilitation and Beyond Robotics and Virtual Reality Exer-Games for the Neurorehabilitation of Children and Adults with Traumatic Brain Injury: The IS-BRAIN Model Current Implantable Devices in Human Neurological Surgery Glossary Index