Textbook in PDF format

Many industries generate significant amounts of waste streams, such as hydrocarbon vapors, which must be disposed of on a continuous or intermittent basis. Examples are off-spec product or bypass streams generated during startup operations. Direct discharge of waste gas streams and vapors into the atmosphere is unacceptable with today's awareness of environmental and safety issues. Neighboring residential areas must be protected against contaminant concentrations exceeding permissible explosion or toxicological threshold limits. Gas flaring is a standard operation aimed at converting flammable, toxic, and corrosive vapors into environmentally acceptable discharges. This pocket manual provides guidelines for designing and operating conventional flare gas systems. It presents general introductory material to acquaint the engineer with flare gas control techniques, as well as detailed design methodology and formulas. Example problems are included to illustrate design procedures for sizing flare systems. Contents. Overview of flaring. Design principles. Design of collection systems. Design the flare stack and accessories. Final design considerations. General flow calculation notes and unit conversions. References