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Modern blast furnace ironmaking technology has a history of more than 100 years, and the impact of the high-temperature physicochemical properties of blast furnace slag on the process has been well-known by the metallurgists. Slag is a complex oxides mixing system, and the influence of each component on its properties is not monotonous and linear. The use of high alumina iron ore may cause the type of blast furnace slag to gradually transition from the present silicate system to the aluminosilicate system. However, the current understanding of traditional blast furnace slag is based on the physical chemistry of silicate melt, and the aluminosilicate system would show varying degrees of inapplicability. In this chapter, the important high-temperature physicochemical properties of the aluminosilicate slag system and its relationship between them and the structure are systematically discussed. Introduction Phase Diagram and Equilibrium Slag Structure of High Alumina Blast Furnace Slag High-Temperature Physicochemical Properties of High Estimation of High Alumina Blast Furnace Slag Properties The Revolution of High Alumina Slag in Blast Furnace Process